Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorder seen. It is caused by interaction of social, psychological, biological factors. It affects all age groups. It is characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, low energy, decreased sleep, appetite, low self-esteem disrupting daily functions of the individual and in severe cases can lead to suicide. In children depression presents with school refusal, irritability, academic decline. Adolescents suffering from depression have anger outbursts, relationship adjustment issues, increased substance intake like alcohol etc, academic decline. Peer relationship, academic pressure, hormonal changes mostly contribute to its onset.
Adults, especially those in middle age, grapple with stressors related to work, family responsibilities and financial concerns which can precipitate depression.
In the elderly population, depression can be mistaken for normal aging processes, with symptoms such as sleep disturbances and somatic complaints. Loneliness, medical conditions and loss of loved ones contribute to late-life depression.
Effective interventions vary across age groups. Children, Adolescents may benefit from cognitive-behavioural therapies and family support while young adults might respond well to psychotherapy that addresses identity and life goals. In moderate to severe depression combination therapy, medications like antidepressants with psychotherapy is beneficial and the elderly may require tailored approaches considering their medical conditions and social support systems.
In conclusion, depression manifests differently across age groups due to unique stressors and life stages. With early detection and effective intervention depression can be cured.
Dr Reema Dey, Psychiatrist, MBBS, MD